How medicines are tested in clinical trials
To see how well a medicine works, we look at data from clinical trials. Clinical trials are used to test a medicine to make sure it works and is safe.
When looking at how well a medicine works, clinical trials may compare the new medicine to:
- An existing, or standard medicine for the condition.
- A placebo. This is something that looks the same as the treatment but does not have any medicine in it.
The clinical trial lets us see how many people have got better while taking the medicine. This can be compared to how many people have got better on a different medicine or no medicine at all.
Why clinical trials do not reflect real life
Clinical trials do not always reflect the way medicines are used in real life. They have strict rules on who can and cannot take part. So the people who are involved in clinical trials might not be the same as the people in a general IBD clinic. For example, they might not include people who:
- Are pregnant or breastfeeding
- Have had cancer or have another illness
- Are over a certain age.
To start with we might not be able to say much about using a particular medicine in these groups of people.
Clinical trials also often have strict rules on when treatment needs to be started or stopped. People who have treatment as part of a clinical trial might have appointments and tests more often than you would in real life. All these things could affect the results.
This means that how well a medicine works in a clinical trial might not be the same as how well it works in real life. It could be better or worse. But clinical trials are still the best way that we can understand how well new treatments work and how safe they are.
Real world evidence
Once a medicine has been approved, more people will start using it outside of the clinical trials. This is sometimes called real world evidence. This tells us more about how well the medicine works and how safe it is in a wider range of people.
Find out more about how medicines are developed